Home bizarre top 10 biggest industrial disasters world. Oppau, poland zabreh, dolni benesov, czech republic. The 20th anniversary of the bhopal calamity fell on december 3, 2004. Lessons from history and a famous handbook on reactive chemical hazards make the answer more obvious than it was.
Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your. Oppau, germany this photograph taken from a french airplane shows the devastation of the explosion at the chemical works at oppau, which resulted in the loss of 2,000 lives. Pdf ammonium nitrate explosion hazards researchgate. The worlds worst industrial disaster in bhopal, india, happened because of inadequate maintenance by union carbide and. Three significant ammonium nitrate accidents basf plant oppau, germany, 21 st september 1921. Basf officials said the fire that caused the blast began in a supply line that transported flammable liquids and. An example using particle emitter for my lightwave class. Want to survive a real disaster or enhance a camping trip. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Towards the end of september the world was startled by news of a catastrophe at opnau, near mannherb, in germany, when practically the whole town was damaged by a terrific explosion in a chemical factory. More than 80 percent of all buildings in oppau were destroyed leaving 6500 people homeless. This included mainly a mixture of potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate in equal proportions. The most horrifying industrial disasters of all time io9. Tnt equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.
At oppau the catastrophe was ascribed to the fact that charges of explosive were used to break up the mass, which had set hard. The oppau explosion was the biggest industrial accident in german history. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The explosion 5 were due to the rejects of ammonium nitrate granulates stored in a warehouse. The activities for explorations in population density and nutrition in this document are based on some ideas and protocols that we have been developing and evaluating over the past two years. The facility built in 1911 over 8 hectares started to produce nitrogenous fertilizers two years later. Chemical industry explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant. A drastic growth in population beyond normal limits is called population explosion. The explosion was heard in munich, 275 km from the plant and caused. A pressure wave ripped roofs off over a 25 km 15 mi radius and shattered windows over a wider area. Home chinese investigators identify cause of tianjin explosion. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Nov 03, 2017 grade 11 chemistry project on the oppau explosion.
This was the biggest catastrophe in german industry see oppau explosion. Smith, evan rogers, ming yu chemistry department, university of rhode island, kingston, ri 02881, usa. One of the worst accidents on our list of 10 worst industrial disastersaccidents in the world occurred on september 21, 1921, in germany in a place formerly known as oppau. Full derivation, implementation and programming details are contained in the raytracing program users.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. It is an unchecked growth of human population caused as a result of. An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921 when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau. Reducing the threat of improvised explosive device attacks by restricting access to explosive precursor chemicals. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Support us the oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammoniu. References reducing the threat of improvised explosive. As a result of this monopoly, basf was able to start operations at a new site in leuna in 1916, where explosives were produced during the first world war. A major disaster occurred in oppau, germany, on 21 september 1921 when an explosion of stored anbased fertilizer demolished the town and led to deaths of. Most of oppau s buildings were destroyed, leaving 6,500 residents homeless. The most horrifying industrial disasters of all time.
During the war the place was used in manufacturing poison gas. Baia mare cyanide spill took place in baia mare, romania. Jun 27, 2017 support us the oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammoniu. Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant 21 september 1921 oppau. Ppt process safety management powerpoint presentation.
A storing tank containing a mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate fertilizer blasted. These geographical zones, which in the case of oppau were located about 100 to 200 km from the explosion site, are zones where no sound from the explosion was heard whereas the sounds of the explosion were heard in a wider radius until nearly 300 km in a case study. Ammonium nitrate disasters wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The explosion was heard in munich, 300 km 185 mi away, ensuring that the world would no longer be in ignorance of the awesome destructive power of ammonium nitrate. On september 21, 1921, an explosion occurred in oppau, killing 565 people. Chemical industry explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser. This is a list of accidents and disasters by death toll. The factory produces agriculture fertilizers and other chemical products. Incidents involving munitions and commercial explosives include the explosion of the munition ship mont blanc in the harbour at halifax, nova scotia, in 1917, in which 1963 people were killed case history a3.
Principles of exprotection crousehinds series explosion. Top 10 biggest industrial disasters world omg top tens list. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921 when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. Whole town wiped out and thousands killed and injured in awful disaster at baden dye works. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel via supersonic shock waves. Support bad day hq by ordering some of our personally selected products. In the early years of the chemical industry, many of the worst incidents involved condensed phase explosives, including ammonium nitrate. Media in category oppau explosion the following files are in this category, out of total. In other words, for each gram of tnt exploded, 4,184 joules of energy are.
September 1921 the explosion of an ammonium sulfate nitrate silo in oppau. The explosion at the nitrogen fixation works, oppau nature. Under the leadership of carl bosch, basf founded ig farben with hoechst, bayer, and three other companies, thus losing its independence. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau. Chinese investigators identify cause of tianjin explosion. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title oppau. Several accidents with explosions of ammonium nitrate resulted in. Texas city oil refinery explosion 2005 killed 15 workers and injured more than 170 others. Oppau disaster description on september 21, 1921, a massive ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at a chemical plant in oppau. Oppau disaster description on september 21, 1921, a massive ammonium nitrate explosion occurred at a chemical plant in oppau germany. Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau. Health, safety, and accident management in the chemical. Oppau explosion, which occurred there in 1921 opawa, lower silesian voivodeship german.
Population explosion refers the sudden and rapid rise in the size of population, especially human population. French ministry of environment, explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant, aria 14373 pdf. In the oppau explosion 4000 tons of explosive produced a wave that was recorded by a seismograph at a distance of 365 km. Under the leadership of carl bosch, basf founded ig farben with hoechst, bayer, and three other companies, thus.
The explosion resulted in 30 deaths, 2500 injuries, the destruction of the factory, and heavy damage to about 10,000 off site buildings. The exact cause of the accident could not be known as all those involved died in the explosion. Occurred when a tower silo storing 4,500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500 part occupational health 3 examples of famous industrial accidents september 21, 1921. Oppau factory explosion disasters of the century youtube. See list of historical german and czech names for places in the czech republic. Explosion in a nitrogenous fertiliser plant 21 september 1921 oppau rhenanie germany facilities involved facility. Propagation effects of wind and temperature on acoustic. Audience overlap similar sites that share the same visitors and search keywords with this site. Journal of the franklin institute vol 201, issue 1. The explosion 6 was a direct result of a malfunction of hardware, technical failures, human errors, as well as organizational and regulatory failings.
Urben is editor of brethericks handbook of reactive chemical hazards. How has globalization been successful for some people and unsuccessful for others. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. On the previous day, several firings were carried out in the building to use up a portion of the fertilizer. Basf was the nominal survivor, as all shares were exchanged for basf shares prior to the merger. The cause of the disaster has not yet been definitely established. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes. Safety security and risk management aftermath bhopal. The oppau explosion occurred on september 21, 1921, when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a basf plant in oppau, now part of ludwigshafen, germany, killing 500600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. Wfp031797 the population explosion wisconsin fast plants. This huge explosion underwent in basf plant which is in oppau, germany. In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust would give very. Oppau, germany this photograph taken from a french. The accident, called the worst environmental disaster in europe since chernobyl, was a release of 100,000 tons of cyanide contaminated water by a aurul mining company due to reservoir broke into the rivers.
The facility built in 1911 over 8 hectares started to produce. List of accidents and disasters by death toll infogalactic. A tower storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture of ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded. The influence of the mixed salt composition on the sensitivity to detonation impact. Above 290 8c, a free radical decomposition mechanism dominates and homolysis of nitric acid is the ratecontrolling step 12.
Blasco, dicated by the ability to overcome global precedence, and oppau explosion pdf to respond rapidly. The ton of tnt is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be. The general assembly, mindful of the determination proclaimed by the peoples of the world in the charter of. All that people who were in the plant at the time of explosion. Mar 31, 2015 oppau disaster chemical explosions 23. On 21 september 1921, an explosion occurred in oppau, killing 565 people. West fertilizer final investigation report chemical safety board. The explosion killed about 500600 people and injured more than 2000. Oppau explosion, oppau, now ludwigshafen, germany, september 21, 1921. Lessons from history and a famous handbook on reactive chemical hazards make the answer more obvious than it was to many journalists by peter g. The ton of tnt is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4. Pdf ammonium nitrate an primarily is used as a fertilizer but it is also very important. Mar 28, 2019 unmixed ammonium nitrate can decompose explosively and has been responsible for several industrial disasters, including the oppau explosion in germany, the texas city disaster in texas city, texasthe ryongchon disaster in north koreaand the west fertilizer company explosion in west, texas.
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